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when i am downloading a file or document then also the afterUpdate() is being called. So, is there a way i can track whether i am downloading a file or updating it.

Not sure if this pointer helps: I'm assuming that the update after download is caused by the view counter being incremented. If I remember correctly, this can be configured in portal-ext.properties. If you want to track downloads through a model listener, you'll need to determine if the view counter changed (this will be your pointer for a download) or if content changed.
Alternatively, if the view counter isn't incremented, I'd recommend to audit downloads from higher up the chain, e.g. through the web layer that actually handles the download. Because the ModelListener will only see changes, not access to an object.

Thanks Olaf,getReadCount() gets updated when we download a file. Actually previously i was implementing this in  onAfterUpdate() listener, so it was giving both old and new read count as modified. Now i used onBeforeMethod() and now I am able to get both old and new readCount and tell whether the file is being updated or downloaded. This issue is solved. But the main problem I am facing is in getting userId when I am downloading a file. It is always giving userId as 0 and throwing no such user exception. Whereas , it is workking fine when I am normally updating the file.

Hi Christoph,I used your method and tried to fetch the userId using service wrappers, but in this case also I was getting  "0" only. So I tried one way :- 
       I made global variable "globalUserId" and fetched the userId in this variable  when the user logs in. And now this global variable can be used anytime and anywhere required. But when I tried fetching this id  in the login.pre  / login.post hook it was giving the user Id of default liferay admin and not the current logged in user. So, I notice that afterUpdate() function was being called even when  the user logs in. So I tried fetching the userId in this afterUpdate(User user) model listener and it workssss just perfectly now. But, I want to know Is it ok the way I have implemented it using the model listener or it can cause issues.

I think, you need to implement a service wrapper for that. The listener is in a different thread than the update and the information is simply not there.

This isn't correct. See update(T model) in https://github.com/liferay/liferay-portal/blob/master/portal-kernel/src/com/liferay/portal/kernel/service/persistence/impl/BasePersistenceImpl.java#L524. It calls modelListener in the same thread. You should be able to even throw an exception to rollback the transaction in the modelListener.
The thread spawn off should be in incrementViewCounter by the @BufferedIncrement annotation. So to catch the original thread, you'll have to go before this which is probably getFile or getFileAsStream. But I think I'd agree with Olaf though and go up even higher in the chain to the portlet.

Hi,
Thanks everyone for your help.I solved this issue using the doFilter () method   doFilter() method will get called very first when we download a file and from there i am sending the userId of the user through the jsonws