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You may find such APIs among the Asset-related APIs and filter them down to JournalArticles.

With regards to creating additional APIs, I'd not go any ext route (from the help-center URL), but rather introduce a new and independent plugin (if you go that route): Nothing keeps you from adding a completely new API, rather than changing an existing one. Plus, you shouldn't change existing APIs anyway (and you can't).
If you go this way: You can either provide your own WS frontend, or go with ServiceBuilder. While ServiceBuilder seems to be organized around creating and persisting new entities: You can also leave the entities empty (no fields) and you'll end up with only the services, no persistent entities. That's a good way to introduce these APIs if you go through ServiceBuilder.
Of course, you can also choose to rather model along the headless-APIs.
In other words: You have options.

In addition to what Olaf said, I'd definitely go with implementing custom Web Service (it is just one class) and implement the actual search with Fulltext index query rather than using default portal JournalArticle* services.

Thank you for your quick reply.
After introducing a new API and plugin with ServiceBuilder, we cannot see the parameters of the method in the WS-overview (api/jsonws). We see the method itself, but not the params of the method - only p_auth. Parameters are groupId, classNameId, ddmStructureKey, ...
When calling the service in a JSP with Liferay.Service('context.service/method) we get an exception - IllegalArgumentException.
But we can call the Method via Util-class in the JSP with the correct objects.
Do you have an idea?
Thank you

Hi all,
We found the problem, a IllegalArgumentException is thrown in MethodParametersResolverImpl, because the jodd-library can not handle JDK11!
See also https://liferay.dev/forums/-/message_boards/message/85190293.
Following in the build.gradle helped for us.
compileJava {
    sourceCompatibility = '1.8'
    targetCompatibility = '1.8'
}

Hi all,
after accessing the first method of the service successfully, we added another method with similar arguments in the XXXServiceImpl.java. After running the service builder we deployed the modules.
But now we get a NullPointerException in JSONWebServiceServiceAction. For both methods (when calling via api/jsonws or via Util-class in a JSP )!
We are using DXP 7.2.10 GA1  and also configured the service in the service access policy.
What can be the problem?
Thank you!